2004 japan earthquake

2004 japan earthquake

By: Mark Leon Goldberg on March 11, 2011 . The 2004 quake ruptured a 900-mile stretch along the Indian and Australian plates 31 miles below the ocean floor. This is the fourth largest earthquake in the world and the largest in Japan since instrumental recordings began in 1900. April 12, 2011 - Japan’s nuclear agency raises the Fukushima Daiichi crisis from Level 5 to a … Most railways in the region were damaged. 6.3 near the west coast of Honshu, Japan. When the wood supports gave way, the roof crushed the unreinforced walls and floors in a pancake collapse. [8] Earthquakes of this type occur along active faults. [5] Among major cities, Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. Footage of the devastation from an 8.9. magnitude earthquake and tsunami which struck Japan Friday. There were four foreshocks, beginning with the largest (Mj 3.7) at 18:28 on the previous day. Newer homes have reinforced walls and lighter roofs to avoid this, but are more susceptible to typhoons. Japan installed rubber blocks under bridges to absorb the shock and rebuilt buildings further apart to prevent collateral damage. 2004-10-23 09:34:04 UTC 10.0 km. This financial damage was the immediate cause for the collapse of Barings Bank due to the actions of Nick Leeson, who had speculated vast amounts of money on Japanese and Singaporean derivatives. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you’ve provided to them or that they’ve collected from your use of their services. [17], The sheer size of the earthquake caused a major decline in Japanese stock markets, with the Nikkei 225 index plunging by 1,025 points on the day following the quake. [16] Many surface highways were clogged for some time due to the collapse of higher-capacity elevated highways. Although the initial belief was construction had been negligent, it was later shown that most of the collapsed structures were constructed properly according to the building codes in force in the 1960s. March 11, 2011. High rise buildings that were built after the 1981 building code suffered little. It spread toward the southwest along the Nojima Fault on Awaji and toward the northeast along the Suma and Suwayama faults, which run through the center of Kobe. Two reconnaissance teams traveled with tripod-mounted LIDAR that allowed for the rapid collection of post-earthquake failure geometries of … Amongst the commemorative events held on the anniversary of the earthquake, large "1.17" digits are illuminated in Higashi Yuenchi Park in the early hours of January 17 each year. Hanshin refers to the region between Osaka and Kobe. Following the 23 October 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, Mw 6.6 earthquake, LIDAR (light detection and ranging) technology was used to create ultra high-resolution three-dimensional digital terrain models of the earthquake damage. NIIGATA – Residents across Niigata Prefecture attended events on Thursday to remember the 68 people killed in the 2004 Niigata-Chuetsu earthquake. A tsunami—Japanese for “harbor wave”—is a series of powerful waves caused by the displacementof a large body of water. [17] Even though less than half the port facilities had been rebuilt by that stage, within a year import volumes through the port had recovered fully and export volumes were nearly back to where they would have been without the disaster. The March 11, magnitude 9.0 earthquake in Japan may have shortened the length of each Earth day and shifted its axis. "7-2(2)The 1995 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake", CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2021 (. [20] Hyōgo's prefectural government invested millions of yen in the following years to build earthquake-proof shelters and supplies in public parks.[21]. Seven minutes later a stretch of the Indonesian subduction zone 1200 kilometers long had … Information about the device's operating system, Information about other identifiers assigned to the device, The IP address from which the device accesses a client's website or mobile application, Information about the user's activity on that device, including web pages and mobile apps visited or used, Information about the geographic location of the device when it accesses a website or mobile application. “For the 2004 tsunami, the loss of life far outweighed damage to infrastructure, whereas for the 2011 tsunami, there was significant damage to infrastructure in Japan.” Countries hardest hit by the 2004 tsunami included Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Somalia, Maldives, Malaysia, Myanmar, Tanzania, Bangladesh and Kenya. An on-the spot investigation by JMA concluded that tremors by this earthquake were at seismic intensity of Level 7 in particular areas in northern Awaji Island (now Awaji City) and in the cities of Kobe, Ashiya, Nishinomiya and Takarazuka. One in five of the buildings in the worst-hit areas were completely destroyed or rendered uninhabitable. In the scientific literature it is often called the 1995 Southern Hyōgo Prefecture Earthquake (平成7年(1995年)兵庫県南部地震, Heisei 7 nen (1995 nen) Hyōgo-ken Nanbu Jishin), the name chosen by the Japan Meteorological Agency in the week after the main shock. To help speed the recovery effort, the government closed most of the Hanshin Expressway network to private vehicles from 6:00 am to 8:00 pm daily and limited traffic to buses, taxis and other designated vehicles. [17] Less than 15 months after the earthquake, in March 1996, manufacturing activity in greater Kobe was at 98% of its projected pre-quake level.[17]. That record goes to the 2004 Banda Aceh earthquake and tsunami in Sumatra, a magnitude-9.1, which killed more than 230,000 people. 6.7 Taiwan region. Most people in Japan believed those structures to be relatively safe from earthquake damage because of the steel-reinforced concrete design. Water breaking through the surface and flooding those islands was initially believed to have seeped in from the sea, but in fact rose from the liquefied remains of once-solid soils used to construct the islands. 3. The epicenter of the earthquake was about 250 kilometers off the west coast of Aceh Province. The quake ravaged many of the facilities of what was then the world's sixth-largest container port and the source of nearly 40% of Kobe's industrial output. 6.6 near the west coast of Honshu, Japan. [4] The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. Japan Earthquake vs 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami vs Haiti Earthquake. Wooden supports collapsed inside supposedly solid concrete pilings under the tracks of the Shinkansen high-speed rail line, causing the entire line to shut down. The tsunami is generated between the island of Sumatra and the Sunda Trench. The earthquake that hit Japan today was much, much stronger than the January 12 2010 earthquake that flattened much of Haiti. Residents feared returning home because of aftershocks that lasted several days (74 of which were strong enough to be felt). An aerial view of tsunami and earthquake damage off the coast of Northern Japan as seen from a U.S. Navy helicopter on March 12, 2011. Damage was widespread and severe. 2. Several large earthquakes struck south of the Japanese island of Honshu on Sept. 5 and the two days following. Ten spans of the Kobe Route elevated expressway were knocked over in three locations across Kobe and Nishinomiya, blocking a link that carried 40% of Osaka-Kobe road traffic. The quake ravaged many of the facilities of what was then the world's sixth-largest container port and the source of nearly 40% of Kobe's industrial output. Discussions of Japan's "Lost Decade" tend towards purely economic analysis, and neglect the impact of the earthquake on the Japanese economy which at the time was already suffering from recession. 2004-10-26 22:53:07 UTC 10.0 km. An aerial view of tsunami and earthquake damage off the coast of Northern Japan as seen from a U.S. Navy helicopter on March 12, 2011. Some locations … You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website. Tsunami Research The majority of deaths (over 4,000) occurred in cities and suburbs in Hyōgo Prefecture. The organized crime Yamaguchi-gumi yakuza syndicate was actively involved in the relief effort from the beginning, distributing substantial amounts of food and supplies to needy victims. Numerous homes and establishments have also been destroyed. People were forced to wait in corridors due to the overcrowding and lack of space. Daikai Station on the Kobe Rapid Railway line collapsed, bringing down part of National Route 28 above it. 4. The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant cooling system was damaged, raising fears of a meltdown. Retailers such as Daiei and 7-Eleven used their existing supply networks to provide necessities in affected areas, while NTT and Motorola provided free telephone service for victims. A minute before 8 o'clock in the morning local time, a colossal earthquake began to shake the northern part of Sumatra and the Andaman Sea to its north. 6.4 South Sandwich Islands region. In December 1995, the government declared January 17 a national "Disaster Prevention and Volunteerism Day", and the week from January 15 to 21 a national "Disaster Prevention and Volunteerism Week", to be commemorated with lectures, seminars, and other events designed to encourage voluntary disaster preparedness and relief efforts. It was the first time that an earthquake in Japan was officially measured at a seismic intensity (shindo in Japanese) of the highest Level 7 on the scale of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). 2004-10-23 08:56:00 UTC 16.0 km. landslides t rigger ed by the 2004 niigata ken chuetsu, japan, earthquake s57 Exposed along the left lateral scar p of the block slide sho wn in Figures 13 and 14 is … Up to 6,434 people lost their lives; about 4,600 of them were from Kobe. These tsunamis have cost thousand of lives of people in their areas covered and thousands are also injured. Shaking Damage. During this time the south side of the Nojima Fault moved 1.5 meters to the right and 1.2 meters downwards. In the aftermath of the earthquake, only 30% of the Osaka-Kobe railway tracks were operational. A powerful undersea earthquake that struck off the coast of Sumatra island, Indonesia, set off the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, also known as the Christmas or Boxing Day tsunami, on Sunday morning, Dec. 26, 2004. The Great Hanshin earthquake (阪神・淡路大震災, Hanshin Awaji daishinsai), or Kobe earthquake, occurred on January 17, 1995 at 05:46:53 JST (January 16 at 20:46:53 UTC) in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, including the region known as Hanshin. The Kobe Luminarie is an event held for approximately two weeks every December. [6], Most of the largest earthquakes in Japan are caused by subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate or Pacific Plate, with mechanisms that involve either energy released within the subducting plate or the accumulation and sudden release of stress in the overlying plate. A total of 68 children under the age of 18 were orphaned, while 332 children lost one parent.[15]. This was Japan's worst earthquake in the 20th century after the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, which claimed more than 105,000 lives. Mark Leon Goldberg. [citation needed], Despite this devastation in a big production center, the local economy recovered very quickly. Even at lower magnitudes, they can be very destructive because they often occur near populated areas and because their hypocenters are located less than 20 km below the surface. Structures irreparably damaged by the quake included nearly 400,000 buildings,[3][13] numerous elevated road and rail bridges, and 120 of the 150 quays in the port of Kobe. The 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake was the largest seismic event on Earth in more than 40 years, and it produced the most devastating tsunami in recorded history ().Like other comparably sized great earthquakes—such as the 1952 Kamchatka, the 1957 Andreanof Islands in the Aleutians, the 1960 Southern Chile, and the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska, earthquakes… The ratio of persons injured to persons missing or dead for the 2011 Japan disaster (0.31: 5,994 to 19,371) was much lower than for the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 in Thailand (1.01; 8,457 to 8,393) and for the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995 in Japan (6.80; 43,792 to 6,437). Japan occured at 2h46 off the coast of Japan on March 11 in 2011 The Indian Ocean. This is the deadliest tsunami since the 2004 magnitude 9.1 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami caused nearly 230,000 deaths and $10 billion in damage. It wasn't until July 29 that all four lanes were opened to traffic along one section. [24] To keep the light rail system running even though it had quite severely damaged sections, shuttle buses were commissioned to transfer patrons to stations around damaged sections. The national government changed its disaster response policies in the wake of the earthquake, and its response to the 2004 Chūetsu earthquake was significantly faster and more effective. Earthquakes of these types are especially frequent in the coastal regions of northeastern Japan. The great M 9.1 earthquake of December 26, 2004, which produced a devastating tsunami, ruptured much of the boundary between Myanmar and Simeulue Island offshore Banda Aceh. Service resumed across the entire line on February 16, 1995, with full service resuming a month later after repairs were completed. 7.0 near the coast of Nicaragua. [25], 1995 earthquake centered near Kobe, Awaji Prefecture, Japan. Those that were not constructed to these standards suffered serious structural damage. The railways rebounded quickly after the quake, reaching 80% operability in one month. The year 1995 is often regarded as a turning point in the emergence of volunteerism as a major form of civic engagement. We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. A street leading from the Daimaru store in Motomachi to Higashi Yuenchi Park (next to Kobe city hall) is decorated with arches of multicoloured lights that were donated by the Italian government. The focus of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the center of the city of Kobe. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Japan remembers more than 6,400 victims of Kobe earthquake after 22 years", "A fault model of the 1995 Kobe earthquake derived from the GPS data on the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and other datasets", Hunt for tsunami orphans hampered, unprecedented, "The Great Hanshin Earthquake: Lessons for Niigata", "Restoration from the earthquake disaster – City planning based on the lessons learned from the disaster", "Earthquake Readiness: From Underground Stores to Satellite Monitoring", Great Hanshin Earthquake and the destruction of the infrastructure, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, The Medical and Public Health Response to the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Japan: A Case Study in Disaster Planning, Are People Insured Against Natural Disasters? [10] Like other earthquakes recorded in western Japan between 1891 and 1948, the 1995 earthquake had a strike-slip mechanism that accommodated east–west shortening of the Eurasian Plate due to its collision with the Philippine Sea Plate in central Honshu.[11]. After the earthquake, seismic intensity observation in Japan was fully mechanized (from April 1996) and JMA seismic intensity Levels 5 and 6 were each divided into 2 levels (from October 1996). [9] Observations of deformations in these faults suggest that the area was subjected to east–west compression, which is consistent with previously known crustal movements. Artificial islands, such as the modern Rokkō Island and especially Port Island in Kobe, suffered severe subsidence due to liquefaction. Form of civic engagement over fire response was likewise handed over from local fire departments to a type! Region between Osaka and Kobe smashed the coast of Fukushima on Tuesday of 68 under. 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