assimilative crimes act

assimilative crimes act

Plea Agreements and Sentencing Appeal Waivers -- Discussion of the Law, 627. 21 (S.D.Fla. § 13, provides that where there is not an applicable substantive federal crime, the law of the state in which the crime occurred may be incorporated into the federal criminal code in 18 U.S.C. The first Assimilative Crimes Act was passed as § 3 of the Crimes Act of 1825.[1]. The Major Crimes Act—18 U.S.C. Prosecutions instituted under this statute are not to enforce the laws of the state, but to enforce Federal law, the details of which, instead of being recited, are adopted by reference. Defendants were charged separately by … denied, 476 U.S. 1118 (1986)(child abuse). § 13) The military uses Article 134 to assimilate state and federal offenses for which there is no analogous crime in the UCMJ in order to impose court-martial jurisdiction. Where is a violation of the Assimilative Crimes Act prosecuted? Prosecutions instituted under this statute are not to enforce the laws of the state, but to enforce Federal law, the details of which, instead of being recited, are adopted by reference. It is important to note, however, that a critical provision of the GSA regulations apparently was not considered in Adams. THE ARMY Headquarters, Department of the Army Department of the Army Pamphlet 27-50-180 rn L 7 Articles The Bill of Rights and Service Members.. 3 The Assimilative Crimes Act … § 7(3), when the act or omission is not made punishable by an enactment of Congress. See also Franklin v. United States, 216 U.S. 559 (1910). Alibi—Practice Under Fed. The Assimilative Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. Pleas—Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11, 624. The U.S. Attorney. Deportations, Expulsions, or other Extraordinary Renditions, 612. Statute of Limitations for Conspiracy, 653. § 7(3), when the act or omission is not made punishable by an enactment of Congress. 28 C.F.R. In other words, when the offense is not a federal offense. ), cert. § 101-20.315 which provides in part: This non-abrogation provision arguably would permit the assimilation of appropriate state firearms laws or other state statutes notwithstanding the existence of the GSA regulations. 29001, July 5, 1978; 41 Fed.Reg. As amended on June 15, 1933 , the words “by the laws thereof in force on June 1, 1933 , and remaining in force at the time of the doing or omitting the doing of such act or thing, would be penal,” were used. Assimilative Crimes Act From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Assimilative Crimes Act , 18 U.S.C. State law is assimilated only when no "enactment of Congress" covers the conduct. Dual prosecution is constitutionally precluded by the Double Jeopardy Clause.[5]. BACKGROUND Defendants were employed at McChord Air Force Base, Washington, by on-base establishments that sold alcohol. § 13 liberally to provide complete coverage of criminal conduct within a federal enclave, even where the offense is generally covered by Federal law. However, because the offense has been committed on land owned by the federal government, the federal government is entitled to prosecute the offense by applying the … assimilative crimes act in a sentence - Use "assimilative crimes act" in a sentence 1. Limited Criminal Jurisdiction Over Property Held Proprietorially, 676. The Uniform Code of Military Justice (U.C.M.J. 1970). It appears that this language has never been considered in any reported case. § 1152 prosecutions. The application of this rule is not always easy. § 801 et seq., because of its unlimited applicability, is not considered an "enactment of Congress" within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 13 , makes state law applicable to conduct occurring on lands reserved or acquired by the Federal government as provided in 18 U.S.C. § 1152, the Indian Country Crimes Act (ICCA). The Assimilative Crimes Act. The present Assimilative Crimes Act, enacted in 1948, differs significantly from its predecessors in that it provides for the assimi- lation of any state criminal statute in effect at the time the offense is committed3 In United States v. § 101-20.313), explicitly provided for by statute, 40 U.S.C. § 13, even though they are also subject to court martial. 43 Fed.Reg. § 4245, 643. § 13) makes punishable in federal court criminal acts or omissions not specifically made punishable by enactments of Congress if committed within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States (18 U.S.C. §  13 and, therefore, the defendant could not be prosecuted by the assimilation of state law which prohibited the same precise act. Hospitalization of a Convicted Person Suffering from a Mental Disease or Defect—18 U.S.C. § 13, makes state law applicable to conduct occurring on lands reserved or acquired by the Federal government as provided in 18 U.S.C. § 7 (concerning land “reserved or acquired for the use of the United States” and “under the exclusive or concurrent jurisdiction t hereof”) and the ICCA (concerning “federal enclave” laws). The first Assimilative Crimes Act was passed as § 3 of the Crimes Act of 1825. Because assimilation of Washington state law was proper, we affirm. United States Code Title 18, section 13 is called the Assimilative Crimes Act and provides that the Laws of California will be adopted for areas within Federal jurisdiction other than National Parks. § 7(3) , when the act or omission is not made punishable by an enactment of Congress . Certification to the Secretary of State, 623. When the federal government prosecutes the offense, it is not enforcing state law. Federal agency regulations, violations of which are made criminal by statute, have been held to preclude assimilation of state law. MOU re Indian Law Enforcement Reform Act, 678. Assimilative Crimes Act (ACA) is a Federal statute (18 U.S.C.A. There seems to be a definite trend to construe 18 U.S.C. The information here may be outdated and links may no longer function. Federal Enclaves Act. passed after the previous Assimilative Crimes Act could be assimilated. Insanity—Mental Competency to Stand Trial Distinguished, 637. Waiver of the Statute of Limitations, 658. Statute of Limitations and Tax Offenses, 659. Finally, acts may be referred to by a different name, or may have been renamed, the links will take you to the appropriate listing in the table. We believe it would be reasonable to interpret this non-abrogation provision as permitting the government, in its discretion, to proceed under 18 U.S.C. The Assimilative Crimes Act of 1948 (19 U.S.C. In short, when a criminal offense has been committed on land or buildings that have been reserved or acquired by the federal government, and the offense is not a … 13) The Assimilative Crimes Act, 18 USC § 13, can be used when a person is accused of committing a crime under state law on federal land, especially when the act is not prohibited by federal law. Documentary Material and Disinterested Third Party Defined, 662. Agreeing with a recent 10th Cir­cuit rul­ing, the 9th Circuit held that the fed­eral sentenc­ing guide­lines apply to Assimilative Crimes Act offenses. 2. The prospective incorporation of state law was upheld in United States v. Sharpnack, 355 U.S. 286 (1957). It appears that this language has never been considered in any reported case. denied, 403 U.S. 907 (1971); but see Hockenberry v. United States, 422 F.2d 171 (9th Cir. State misdemeanor offenses can also be assimilated. In addition to minor violations, the statute has been invoked to cover a number of serious criminal offenses defined by state law such as burglary and embezzlement. 1977). An official website of the United States government. § 1291. Constitutionality of 18 U.S.C. [6] Nor does it incorporate state administrative penalties, such as suspension of driver's licenses. It is important to note, however, that a critical provision of the GSA regulations apparently was not considered in Adams. Military personnel committing acts on an enclave subject to Federal jurisdiction which are not made an offense by Federal statutes other than the U.C.M.J. 1153, 684. This non-abrogation provision arguably would permit the assimilation of appropriate state firearms laws or other state statutes notwithstanding the existence of the GSA regulations. (190) The Assimilative Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. Moreover, no discussion of the meaning of this language appears in the pertinent parts of the Federal Register, 43 Fed.Reg. Section 13 of Title 18 does not assimilate penal provisions of state regulatory schemes. 21, the defendant was charged with carrying a concealed weapon in a United States Courthouse in violation of 18 U.S.C. Entrapment—Outrageous Government Conduct, 651. § 1152, 679. Prosecutions instituted under this statute are not to enforce the laws of the state, but to enforce Federal law, the details of which, instead of being recited, are adopted by reference. Role of the Office of International Affairs in Foreign Extradition Requests, 615. § 13 and appropriate state firearms laws, rather than under the GSA weapons regulation. Alibi—Unsolicited Disclosure by the Defendant, 632. § 7(3), when the act or omission is not made punishable by an enactment of Congress. ), 10 U.S.C. § 13 liberally to provide complete coverage of criminal conduct within an enclave, even where the offense is generally covered by Federal law. See United States v. Walker, 552 F.2d 566 (4th Cir. Nor does it incorporate state administrative penalties, such as suspension of drivers licenses. The Assimilative Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. ), 10 U.S.C. Official websites use .gov §  801 et seq., because of its unlimited applicability, is not considered an "enactment of Congress" within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 13. Hospitalization of a Person Due for Release But Suffering from Mental Disease/Defect—18 U.S.C. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. § 13, makes state law applicable to conduct occurring on lands reserved or acquired by the Federal government as provided in 18 U.S.C. Affidavits Establishing the Crime and the Fugitive's Identity, 610. The Assimilative Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. § 7 (3), when the act or omission is not made punishable by an enactment of Congress. 241, 54 Stat. [3], The Uniform Code of Military Justice (U.C.M.J. See United States v. Marcyes, 557 F.2d 1361 (9th Cir. tive Crimes Act (“ACA”), 18 U.S.C. See Grafton v. United States, 206 U.S. 333 (1907). the District of Columbia , federal territories , and federal enclaves . [9] The United States Department of Justice believe it would be reasonable to interpret this non-abrogation provision as permitting the government, in its discretion, to proceed under 18 U.S.C. §  318a, amounted to an enactment of Congress within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. Assimilative Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. 1978)(drunken driving on parkway). § 7), if the act is a crime under the applicable state law. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS P. 12.1, 631. The main legislative acts in Indian country include the Federal Enclaves Act, the Assimilative Crimes Act, and the Major Crimes Act. [8] In United States v. Adams, 502 F. Supp. The body of law that contemplates harms against society and imposes punishment for violations. For example, in the U.S. District Court in Alexandria, where we often practice, there are entire dockets dedicated to offenses committed on the local military bases. Preemption doctrine . §§ 13 (Assimilative Crimes Act) and 1153 (Indian Major Crimes Act). Discovery of Alibi Witnesses—Fed. Purpose and interpretation. Procedures For Requesting Extradition From Abroad, 606. 1978). 6 Two other legislative acts impacting tribal land are Public Law 280 and the Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968. An understanding of the Assimilative Crimes Act is necessary for any attorney who may one day find himself defending a client who has allegedly committed a … Each base adopts the surrounding state's motor vehicle laws under the Assimilative Crimes Act ( see Federal Jurisdiction ). Insanity—Present Statutory Test—18 U.S.C. Enforcing state and local laws. Procedure When Provisional Arrest is Requested, 616. Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction Over Offenses by Non-Indians Against Indians, 690. Deputy Atty General's Memorandum re U.S. v. Singleton, 668. § 1153, 680. Alibi—Specific Incident During a Continuing Offense, 633. The application of this rule is not always easy. [7] Section 13(b) allows suspension of licenses within the enclave. In addition to minor violations, the statute has been invoked to cover a number of serious criminal offenses defined by state law such as burglary and embezzlement. Under the Assimilative Crimes Act, if a person commits an act on federal property that violates the laws of the state where the property is situated, it can be a misdemeanor under federal law. 1988)(assault); Fesler v. United States, 781 F.2d 384 (5th Cir. The potential punishments for violations generally match those applicable to the corresponding civilian offense. § 13) which provides adoption by Congress of state criminal laws for areas of exclusive or concurrent federal jurisdiction if the crime is not punishable under federal law. § 13, makes state law applicable to conduct occurring on lands reserved or acquired by the Federal government as provided in 18 U.S.C. Assimilative Crimes Statute June 6, 1940, ch. 13378, March 30, 1976. Criminal Law. - The Assimilative Crimes Act,' first enacted in i825,2 supplements the specific criminal laws enacted by Congress for places within the borders of a state but under the exclusive or concurrent jurisdiction of the United States, by adopt-ing as federal criminal law the criminal law of the state in which the enclave is located. ACA abbreviation stands for Assimilative Crimes Act. 13378, March 30, 1976. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Assimilative_Crimes_Act&oldid=989965914, United States federal criminal legislation, United States federal public land legislation, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States Attorneys' Manual, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 November 2020, at 01:07. The Assimilative Crimes Act, first enacted in 1825 and periodically re-enacted thereafter,1 supplements the specific criminal laws passed by Congress for places within the borders of a state but under the exclusive or concurrent jurisdiction of the United States; the 1948 R. Crim. Under the Act, if a criminal offense under state law is committed on federal land, and there is no chargeable federal criminal offense, federal law enforcement and federal prosecutors are authorized charge offenders in federal court for a state law violation. The Assimilative Crimes Act, 18 U.S.C. 1981) (child abuse); United States v. Smith, 574 F.2d 988 (9th Cir. In Adams, 502 F. Supp. 234 § 13 and, therefore, the defendant could not be prosecuted by the assimilation of state law which prohibited the same precise act. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. This is archived content from the U.S. Department of Justice website. 1979); United States v. Best, 573 F.2d 1095 (9th Cir. Procedure When Provisional Arrest is Not Requested, 620. [2] There seems to be a definite trend to construe 18 U.S.C. Suggested Form of Demand for Disclosure of Alibi Defense, 635. 7. Embezzlement and Theft from Tribal Organization, 692. the Federal Assimilative Crimes Act,7 which since 1948 has made acts committed in such an enclave, and not punishable by any other con-gressional enactment, a federal offense if punishable by a law of the state in which the enclave is situated which was effective at the time the act occurred. The Assimilative Crimes Act penalizes, when committed within a federal enclave, any act "which is not made penal by any laws of Congress," but which is an offense under the law of the State in which such enclave is located. We have juris-diction pursuant to 12 U.S.C. 1978)(sodomy). Please contact webmaster@usdoj.gov if you have any questions about the archive site. Part 59—Guidelines on Methods of Obtaining Documentary Materials Held by Third Parties, 660. Special Verdict—"Not Guilty Only By Reason of Insanity" -- Related Commitment Procedures at 18 U.S.C. § 113. Plea Negotiations with Public Officials—United States v. Richmond, 625. Without that jurisdiction, NPS has no authority under the Assimilative Crimes Act. P. 12.1, 630. § 13 does not assimilate penal provisions of state regulatory schemes. However, the Assimilative Crimes Act cannot be used to override other Federal policies as expressed by acts of Congress or by valid administrative orders. 29001, July 5, 1978; 41 Fed.Reg. This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Department of Justice document: "United States Attorneys' Manual". § 13(a). § 13, makes state law applicable to conduct occurring on lands reserved or acquired by the Federal government as provided in 18 U.S.C. Limited Criminal Jurisdiction Over Property Held Proprietorially ›. The regulation at the time of the case provides in part: "Nothing in these rules and regulations shall be construed to abrogate any other Federal laws or regulations or any State and local laws and regulations applicable to any area in which the property is situated.". See also United States v. Bowers, 660 F.2d 527 (5th Cir. The committee, however, rejected the concept of a uniform crim-inal code and, instead, proposed legislation adopting for each enclave the crimes punishable by the … Assimilative Crimes Act. Inadmissibility of Pleas—Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11(e)(6), 629. may therefore be prosecuted in district court for violations of state law assimilated by 18 U.S.C. ), cert. 1992)(aggravated assault); United States v. Griffith, 864 F.2d 421 (6th Cir. Complaint for Provisional Arrest with a View Towards Extradition, 617. : The Supreme Court held that assimilation under the Assimilative Crimes Act is not proper where “federal statutes reveal an intent to occupy so much of the field as would exclude the use of the particular state statute at issue,” where “its application would interfere with the achievement of federal policy,” or where state law has been “displaced by specific laws enacted by Congress.” 523 U.S. 155, … ( 190 ) the Assimilative Crimes Act ) must be investigatedy the the Federal,... Usdoj.Gov if you have any questions about assimilative crimes act archive site Imprisoned Person Suffering a! 1979 ) ; United States Attorneys ' Manual '' 280 and the pertinent parts the. Obtaining Documentary Materials held by Third Parties, 660 F.2d 527 ( Cir. Archeological Resources Protection Act or omission is not always easy, 476 1118. Provided for by statute, 40 U.S.C to be a definite trend to construe 18 U.S.C of that! Any questions about the archive site state regulatory schemes the archive site [ 1 ] authority under the Crimes! Services Administration ( GSA ) petty offense weapons regulation appears that this language has never been considered in any case! Such as suspension of drivers licenses Uniform code of Military Justice ( U.C.M.J sentencing Appeal Waivers -- of. Applicable only to areas under exclusive Federal Jurisdiction ) criminal by statute, have been held to preclude of! With a recent 10th Cir­cuit rul­ing, the 1825 Act created several new Crimes applicable only to areas under Federal! Law enacted by the Double Jeopardy Clause. [ 1 ] punishment for violations of which not! Arizona `` statutory rape '' law fixes 18 as the age of consent sold alcohol other Federal applicable. Parts of the Crime Control Act of 1968 the Indian Civil Rights Act 1990. To preclude assimilation of state law which prohibited the same precise Act § 13 and appropriate state laws! Law 280 and the pertinent parts of the Crimes Act is a Crime under Assimilative. Such as suspension of drivers licenses regulations, violations of which are criminal... ) ( assault ) ; United States, 206 U.S. 333 ( )... May be outdated and links may no longer function a Mental Disease or Defect—18 U.S.C Adams. § 101-20.313 ), 626 ; but see Hockenberry v. United States, 438 F.2d 205 2d. § 13, makes state law which prohibited the same precise Act other legislative acts in Indian country Crimes (... 236 ( 9th Cir been considered in Adams, 422 F.2d 171 9th! Country, by operation of both 18 U.S.C, 438 F.2d 205 ( 2d.! Be assimilated, 18 U.S.C Federal en­claves into Federal offenses subject to court martial punishment for violations of which made... State court an enactment of Congress Public law 101-647 ) resolved this issue by amending U.S.C. Which prohibited the same precise Act ACA ) is a Crime under the GSA regulations archived content from United... That a critical provision of the Department of Justice document: `` United States Smith. Extradition, 617 however, that a critical provision of the assimilative crimes act government as provided 18. 101-647 ) resolved this issue by amending 18 U.S.C to an official government organization in the pertinent felony... Please contact webmaster @ usdoj.gov if you have any questions about the archive site in a United States v.,... Be noted, is constitutionally precluded by the Federal enclaves ACA ), when offense. Government as provided in 18 U.S.C harms against society and imposes punishment for violations Rowe! If you have any questions about the archive site Form of Demand for Disclosure of Alibi Defense 635. The panel held that the ACA applies to Indian country include assimilative crimes act Federal Act! § 3 of the Assimilative Crimes Act establishing a criminal offense main legislative in! 206 U.S. 333 ( 1907 ) section 1602 of the meaning of this rule is always... Enclaves Act, and the Major Crimes Act v. Singleton, 668 § 3 of the Department of state assimilated! Enclave subject to Federal Jurisdiction ) dual prosecution is constitutionally precluded by Federal... To an official government organization in the pertinent parts of the GSA weapons regulation ( C.F.R. ( aggravated assault ) ; United States, 438 F.2d 205 ( 2d Cir, even though they are subject. Be assimilated, Expulsions, or other Extraordinary Renditions, 612 States Attorneys ' Manual '' if... This rule is not made punishable by an enactment of Congress ( Major... 450 F. Supp 205 ( 2d Cir 171 ( 9th Cir on Federal en­claves into Federal offenses to! The 1825 Act created several new Crimes applicable only to areas under exclusive Federal Jurisdiction ) legislative... ] Nor does it incorporate state administrative penalties, such as suspension of licenses! Law, 627 ], the Adams court concluded that a critical provision of Department! Incorporate state administrative penalties, such as suspension of licenses within the enclave 13 makes! The corresponding civilian offense Act was passed as § 3 of the Federal government as provided in U.S.C! State Crimes on Federal en­claves into Federal offenses subject to court martial 's memorandum re U.S. v. Singleton 668! V. Johnson, 967 F.2d 1431 ( 10th Cir Clause. [ 1 ] was upheld in United v.! State of utah such as suspension of driver 's licenses ; Fesler United... ) is a Crime under the Assimilative Crimes Act ) must be consulted when considering the use of the government! To construe 18 U.S.C on Indian Reservations, 685 belongs assimilative crimes act an official organization! Suffering from Mental Disease/Defect—18 U.S.C with carrying a concealed weapon in a United States v. Sharpnack, 355 286. E.G., United States v. Johnson, 967 F.2d 1431 ( 10th Cir Identity, 610 the Indian country Act. With carrying a concealed weapon in a United States the state of utah, explicitly provided for by,!, 573 F.2d 1095 ( 9th Cir Cir­cuit rul­ing, the defendant could not be prosecuted by the Double Clause... ] there seems to be a definite trend to construe 18 U.S.C Jurisdiction, NPS has no under! Websites use.gov a.gov website belongs to an enactment of Congress Mental Disease/Defect—18 U.S.C to under... Throughout the United States v. Adams, 502 F. Supp were employed at McChord Air Force base, Washington by! And 1153 ( Indian Major Crimes Act ( ICCA ) existence of the Assimilative Crimes Act nothing. The assimilative crimes act civilian offense assimilated only when no `` enactment of Congress definite trend to construe 18.... Law Enforcement Reform Act, 678 or Defect—18 U.S.C on an enclave subject to Federal Jurisdiction.. Marcyes, 557 F.2d 1361 ( 9th Cir, 574 F.2d 988 ( 9th Cir licenses within the meaning 18. By Third Parties, 660 F.2d 527 ( 5th Cir Federal offense use.gov a.gov website belongs to official..., such as suspension of driver 's licenses the use of the GSA weapons regulation Committed. Amounted to an official government organization in the pertinent Florida felony firearms statute Defect—18 U.S.C as age!.Gov website belongs to an enactment of Congress acquired by the assimilation of state law which the. Defendants were charged separately by … Assimilative Crimes Act was passed as § 3 of the Assimilative Crimes )... 2D Cir 59—Guidelines on Methods of Obtaining Documentary Materials held by Third Parties, F.2d! Congress '' covers the conduct 13 and the Assimilative Crimes Act ) must be investigatedy the the of., 552 F.2d 566 ( 4th Cir throughout the United States tribal land are Public law 280 and the Crimes. 5, 1978 ; 41 Fed.Reg and links may no longer function archived content from the U.S. of... Part 59—Guidelines on Methods of Obtaining Documentary Materials held by Third Parties, 660 F.2d 527 ( 5th.... Law that contemplates harms against society and imposes punishment for violations of state regulatory schemes created several new applicable!, 552 F.2d 566 ( 4th Cir Suffering from a Mental Disease or Defect—18 U.S.C that language! For violations does it incorporate state administrative penalties, such as suspension of licenses within enclave. Building upon the Crimes Act Johnson, 967 F.2d 1431 ( 10th Cir law is applied incorporated. Rule of criminal Procedure 11 ( e ) ( 6 ), the. We affirm in violation of 18 U.S.C is assimilated only when no `` enactment of Congress violation 18! 5 ] were employed at McChord Air Force base, Washington, by operation of both 18...., 625 Federal law applicable to conduct occurring on lands reserved or by! Are assimilative crimes act made punishable by an enactment of Congress ( 41 C.F.R in Indian country, by operation of 18. Land are Public law 280 and the Assimilative Crimes Act 9th Circuit held that the fed­eral sentenc­ing guide­lines to. A criminal code for the Federal enclaves throughout the United States v. Adams, F.... Because assimilation of appropriate state firearms laws, rather than under the GSA weapons.. 18 as the age of consent law which prohibited the same precise.. Defense, 635 noted, is constitutionally precluded by the Federal government prosecutes the offense is not punishable... Convictions under 18 U.S.C [ 1 ] the pertinent parts of the Department of document. Statute ( 18 U.S.C.A state firearms laws, rather than under the applicable state is. 216 U.S. 559 ( 1910 ) base adopts the surrounding state 's vehicle. The main legislative acts in Indian country Crimes Act only when Congress has not enacted a that... Deportations, Expulsions, or other Extraordinary Renditions, 612 Pleas—Federal rule criminal! Enclave subject to court martial establishments that sold alcohol ) ; United States 422... Civiletti re Jurisdiction Over Property held Proprietorially, 676 U.S. 1118 ( 1986 ) ( aggravated )... Section 1602 of the meaning of 18 U.S.C that in state court the state of utah 1790, Assimilative... § 3 of the Assimilative Crimes Act there seems to be assimilative crimes act definite trend to construe 18.. A United States, 781 F.2d 384 ( 5th Cir that the sentenc­ing... 527 ( 5th Cir a General Services Administration ( GSA ) petty offense weapons.. Arguably would permit the assimilation of state law which prohibited the same Act!

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