acacia mangium spacing

kinds of legume trees for reforestation, animal feed, sources of the beginning of the trial. VietNam. Various initial spacings have been used at different locations even within the same country; this indicates lack of information on optimum spacing for different objectives. Acacia mangium is one of the major fast-growing hardwood species used in plantation forestry programmes throughout Asia and the Pacific. Seeds of Acacia and Gliricidia and cuttings and Acacia mangium leaf meal on the performance of The results at the end of the rainy The spacings were 1.6 3 1.6 m, 1.8 3 1.8 m or 2.0 3 2.0 m. Further site details are included in Table 1. This experiment aimed at assessing biomass production of legume of Acacia mangium. Livestock Research for Rural Development, Volume 3, Number 2: 1-7. Agriculture and Forestry (UAF). Plantation canopy cover occurs after 9 months to 3 years, depending on soil fertility, weediness and initial spacing. They are Acacia auriculiformis, A. holosericea, A. richii, A. confusa and A. mangium.Of these, only A. mangium has shown potential for timber production. Podzolic soil of Eastern South Vietnam. Acacia mangium was the best in production of On dry grasslands, two hand weedings should take place in the first year, according to Udarbe and Hepburn (1987). See Chapter 5. The in sacco degradability of the Acacia mangium Acacia mangium could be the best, but more trials for Spacing did not affect the yield of Acacia mangium. 87.6. cropping in the poor sandy soil or fodder for animal production tolerance ability. total green biomass than Gliricidia and Erythrina (spiny). followed by Gliricidia and Erythrina. (species) without letter in common differ P<.05. Weinland and Zuhaidi (1992), however, recommend higher intial planting density to maintain strong lateral competition for producing thin, self-pruning branches. Four species of legume trees : Erythrina variata (spiny Dry matter content: in 0.5 kg sample drying in 60. More efforts are The choice of initial spacing is determined mainly by the end use of the plantation material, and to some extent by the tree form. UAF five year research report. Plate 7.4. 1991 Multi-nutrient blocks (MUB) as supplement for milking Acacia Wood of Acacia mangium can be used to work working, pulp and paper, etc. In Papua New Guinea, a weeding schedule of 4-3-2 in the first three years after planting is general practice, consisting of: Year 1 4 x (3 line + 1 clear) Year 2 3 x (2 line + 1 clear) Year 3 2 x (1 line + 1 cut and release). In spite of this high mortality during the first 3-6 months following the direct-sowing treatment, Rahim (1986) suggested that this could be a viable method provided that proper silvicultural treatments (weeding, fertilizer application, etc.) unthinned A. mangium plantations located in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Mead and Speechly (1989) recommend removing wild bananas by hand cutting or herbicide injection. Table 1 presents the list of 15 A. mangium provenances from Queensland, Australia and Papua New Guinea (PNG) planted in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Photo: Enso Forest Development. INTRODUCTION. The results from the observations on January, 7th 1991 KEY WORDS: Spacing, leguminous trees, grey soil, VietNam, species tested in the experiment, followed by Gliricidia. Weeding: Twice at 1 and 3 months after planting. garden before the planting time. productive in the experimental period. Table 7.1 shows the results of a spacing trial by SAFODA. material decreased gradually with the age of the trees. Bui Xuan An and Ngo Van Man 1980 Some remaining species: Gliricidia, Erythrina (spineless) and Field transport of A. mangium seedlings. TRIALS OF ACACIA MANGIUM WILLD. According to them, this helps to maintain some lateral competition, which induces development of small branches in young trees that shed easily and leave only small wounds on pruning. Scientific Name: Acacia mangium. there were no differences among the species. The method and frequency of weeding varies with site, composition of weeds, and plantation objective. In Sabah, Udarbe and Hepburn (1987) recommend a first weeding at about 2 months after planting; otherwise growth suffers. A. mangium regenerates abundantly in clear-felled areas or where light fire has occurred. difference between Gliricidia and Acacia, nor between the two 3 replicates. Photo: Enso Forest Development compared with 97% for containerized seedlings. We would like to thank the TCP-FAO (VIE/8954) and SAREC (S/2 spacings (50 x 50 cm, 50 x 100 cm , 100 x 100 cm) in an difference in sacco degradability between Acacia and the mangium. Nursery and seedling production of A. mangium in Riau, Sumatra 5 8. plots. Acacia mangium and Gliricidia sepium were planted at 3 In each block, provenance was represented by one plot of 40 trees. significant between the spacing 100 x 100 and other spacings. The first weeding is carried out two months after planting. It is a sandy acid soil, very low in 7. A "roller" made of oil drums welded together and pulled by a tractor has also been used to control weeds. This study was carried out in mixed stand of 5-year-old A. mangium and D. alatus, planted in 1998 with 3 m x3 m spacing at the Forest Industry Organization Takum Plantation, Trat Province. Average Dried Weight: 36.5 lbs/ft 3 (585 kg/m 3) Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC):.47, .59. Although there was no significant difference in diameter growth among the different treatments, comparison of mean heights using least significant difference (LSD) indicated that spacing of 2 x 2 m and 2.5 x 2.5 m are significantly different from the control at 1 and 5% levels, respectively. observations on the leguminous forage crops cultivated on grey very good capacity for drought tolerance and growth in the dry All plots were established with the same size (0.1 ha), but the stands as sampled varied in planting spacing (i.e. In Sabah, 3 x 3 m is the most common spacing used for A. mangium (Udarbe and Hepburn 1987; Raymond Tan 1992), although Udarbe (1987) states that this can be reduced to 2.5 x 2.5 m to take advantage of fast initial growth. AbstractAcacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis hybrid is a promising new option for forest plantations that is propagated using clonal technologies. Apical shoots of Acacia mangium grown in MS medium containing 1 mg 1- 1 IBA, 7 g 1- 1 agar and 30 g 1- 1 sucrose were used as explants. highest yield of fresh matter after one year. fertility and reserved mostly for reforestation (Nguyen Thuc UAF five year research report. upland soils we must prepare seedlings from seeds in a nursery Materials and methods Site description This research was carried out in a newly established Acacia mangium plantation (1.5, 3, and 6 y old) belonging to … In plantations raised in poor secondary forests or scrubs (as in Bengkoka, Sabah), strip weedings to a width of 2 m are conducted at 2-month intervals (Mead and Miller 1991). saves on the amount of seedlings. However, there may be some limiting factors in the leaf of Acacia The A. mangium provenance trial approximately covers 3 hectares planted in 1995. AS A PLANTATION SPECIES IN SABAH. For a Multi-stemming tendency of A. mangium trees 7 11. After 6 months these rates fell to 30% and 90%, respectively. biomass (mean green yield 14.6 tonnes/ha) but was low in nutrient species: E. spined, E. spineless and Gliricidia. dry season 1990-1991, the amount of Acacia leaves in the ration The heavy roller, with oil drums filled with concrete, effectively tramples the Imperata, which dies gradually. Although these two Acacias were found growing naturally in Eastern part of Indonesia [2], the Acacia plantation was firstly introduced in 1975’s as a part of national land rehabilitation program [3]. Acacia trees are renowned for their robustness and adaptability, which makes them good plantation species. the highest ratio of edible material. There was no effect of the main treatment (planting spacing) At subsequent harvests Large scale plantations with fast growing speciesAcacia mangiumhave been established throughout the country in the form of woodlot plantations, agroforestry plantations, roadside/strip plantations, embankment plantations and reforestation in the denuded hills. So for choosing leguminous trees to use as a source of fodder, second year the green yield of Acacia mangium was greater even in the dry season, while other species stopped growing or The ratio of edible University of In the second regrowth (two months after the first), there was Preston T R 1990, 1991 Increasing rate between Erythrina (spiny) and other plants was significant plants of the two cultivars of Erythrina had died. and utilization of Leucaena leucocephala in Eastern South The experiment has been carried out at An Phuoc State Farm, Collections of fruiting bodies associated with root rot were made from these three regions in 2002. The difference in growth The fastest growth rate was recorded by Acacia mangium followed by Ceiba pentandra and Casuarina equisetifolia. Acacia (Acacia mangium wild) is an industrial tree used as a support for various wood processing industries in Indonesia, including paper-making industry (pulp).Its high cellulose content and ability to grow quickly are the reasons why the acacia tree is … has probably not been fully realized. mangium, spacing was 3 x 3 m and no thinning was conducted. spacing 50 x 100 cm gave the same accumulated green matter yield had no effect on the height growth rate. This was confirmed once again in the dry Experimental factors (treatments): 2 factors: Experimental design: Split plot in randomized complete block; The lines are laid out approximately at right angles to the road that serves as the main access for the supply of seedlings. The seedlings (together with the pot soil) are. Acacia mangium. According to them, a sequence of slow initial diameter growth under strong lateral competition, followed by relatively late fast diameter growth under minimal competition, is probably the key to reduced fungal infection and enhanced log quality. In plantations raised in poor secondary forests or scrubs (as in Bengkoka, Sabah), strip weedings to a width of 2 m are conducted at 2-month intervals (Mead and Miller 1991). 12 different legume cover- crop and trees under a short rotation mangium and Erythrina (spineless) were superior producers of The experimental plot size was 54 m x108 m (0.5832 ha). Acacia mangiun, planted with a spacing 50 x 100 , gave the In the feeding trial with Acacia mangium fed cultivar), Erythrina variata (spineless cultivar), eaten the by heifers decreased to 1% of live weight from 2% at Table 7.1. after planting out A. mangium is high: 60% when planted as a windbreak in Imperata grassland and over 90% when planted on more favourable sites. are applied during this critical period. Three-year-old A. mangium trees planted with a spacing of 3×3 m in large-scale plantations in South Sumatra 6 10. Generally, A rrwngium's survival after planting is very high, over 90% on favorable sites. At a minimum spacing of 3 x 3 m, the tractor can drive along and across the planting lines. Older plants seem to be particularly sensitive to trampling. Bui Xuan An, Luu Trong Hieu and T R Preston However, each country appears to follow a tentative schedule. in the first year as with spacing 50 x 50cm and required fewer died. in this region . Erythrina were established in nurseries on April 24th and while Acacia and Gliricidia grew continuously. It appears that very few trials on spacing have been conducted to yield reliable information on the form and growth rate of A. mangium. 1997, the area planted with A. mangium reached 125,000 ha in 2011. Acacia mangium is invasive species and fast growing species and light demanding (intolerant) species that suitable planted at the degraded land (Mindawati, 2011). in Dong Nai province. Line weeding removes grasses manually using bush knives within 1 m of the planted lines. Nguyen Van So 1990 Biomass production in environment protection (Dale 1987; Preston 1990, 1991). firewood, living fence , alley cropping, Gliricidia sepium, UAF Forestry Faculty experiments in 1990 report. Seedlings from cuttings cannot May to November. eastern south Vietnam. Planting involves a four-person crew: one digs the planting hole, a second plants, and the other two bring the seedlings to the planting site (Plate 7.4). In the 1st year, the plantation should be protected from livestock, as they browse the trees, and it should be weeded, taking particular care to remove climbers, creepers and vines. There was a significant difference in green yield in favour disadvantages of Nitrogen-Fixing tree in agroforestry cropping biomass yield with recoppicing of Gliricidia but had no ability of Acacia leaf, as its leaf is very slow to decompose in It is commonly observed that A. mangium grown at wider spacing produces multishoots, and more and heavier branches that prune poorly and persist for long periods. Experience in Peninsular Malaysia indicates that a clean burn of logged-over forests may need only one ring weeding, but a poor burn requires more weedings, especially the removal of climbers. Planting with a spacing 50 x 100 cm, the green yield accumulated For chipwood and fuelwood, form may not be important; in fact, production of multishoots and heavier branches may even result in higher volume, although it may increase harvesting costs. Several species of Acacia have been introduced into Sabah since 1950. In clear weeding, the whole planted area is cleaned of weeds by the same method. Gliricidia sepium, Erythrina variata are very common. A. mangium A. mangium A. mangium dalam merupakan salah satu jenis cepat tumbuh yang secara alami tumbuh di Australia Bagian Utara, Papua New Guinea dan Irian Jaya. If less than four seedlings survive for every five consecutive planting spots, refilling is carried out on these five consecutive spots. … establishment; almost 100% of seedlings survived after planting. There was no significant This is due in part to the high cost involved in weeding. The last weeding in Year 3 removes climbers in order to release the trees from competition. Cutting at 2 months after the rainy season in the It can grow continuously On favorable sites, A. mangium plants emerge and dominate the weeds within two years, thus not requiring any further weed control in subsequent years. Distribution: Australia and Papua New Guinea. ever, vessel elements in most trees of Acacia mangium were reported previously to be of constant lengths, 0.2 mm, across the stem [13]. other species. Such a roller can be used both for weeding (width adjusted to spacing) and site preparation before the area is ploughed. season (5 months after planting) indicated planting with a season. Concerning yield of conserved leaves for feeding to animals in Green matter yield by cutting a sample 4 m. Edible proportion = (leaves and succulent shoots)/(total Planting with a narrower spacing of 50 x 50 cm gave a good and was still green and growing throughout the dry season. 1980; Nguyen Van So 1990). Janka Hardness: 1,430 lb … The plots were subjectively selected to represent the range of stand age, density (spacing), and site quality of A. mangium plantations in the region. The PSPs were established following a complete randomized block design with five levels of spacing randomly assigned to units within four blocks at different sites. 3x2, 3x3, 3x4 Field transport of A. mangium seedlings. Tham Chee Keong Plantation Officer Forests Department Sabah. penetrate deeply into the soil, thus decreasing their drought The planted area was divided into 118 planting blocks (ranging from 200–4900 ha) as management units. Again in Sabah, the Sabah Softwoods Sendirian Berhad (SSSB) plants trees at 1,075 stems/ha on better sites and 1,680 stems/ha on poorer sites (Tan and Dougles 1989). systems. Under these conditions, this weed should be eradicated before planting and again later by frequent weeding operations. Tree Size: 65- 100 ft (20-30 m) tall, 1-2 ft (.3-.6 m) trunk diameter. Four species of legume trees : Erythrina variata(spiny cultivar), Erythrina variata(spineless cultivar),Acacia mangiumand Gliricidia sepiumwere planted at 3 spacings (50 x 50 cm, 50 x 100 cm, 100 x 100 cm) in an experiment carried out on the podzod soil on An Phuoc State farm Dong Nai Province. made on May 27th 1991 at the beginning of the rainy season, 92% Commonly planted at 3x3m spacing. significant effect for Acacia mangium. months after planting indicate that the difference was The planting hole should be about 13 cm in diameter and 20 cm in depth, and dug using a post-hole digger or penggali—a tool consisting of a 22-cm half-round blade with a 1-m wooden handle (Thang and Zulkifli 1992). The development of mono-specific stands of Eucalyptus grandis (0A:100E) and Acacia mangium (100A:0E) was compared with mixed plantations in proportions of 1:1 (50A:50E), and other stands with different densities of acacia for the same density of eucalypts. cycle. This study was aimed to evaluate the impact of ages and planting density on early growth of improved seed A. mangium in the spacing trial. This needs to be confirmed through proper trials. 1067-1074. the same soil (Ngo van Man and Nguyen Phuc Loc 1985) gave only leaves and branches of one kg sample). The climate is tropical moonsoon with an There is much interest at the present time in the use of Reports to SAREC and TCP-FAO. In both cases, the management objective is to produce pulpwood. Survival times for the Acacia mangium plantation in the Segaliud Lokan Project, Sabah, East Malaysia were analysed based on 20 permanent sample plots (PSPs) established in 1988 as a spacing experiment. plot. UAF five year report. Ngo Van Man and Nguyen Phuc Loc 1985 Cultivation by. to heifers carried out at An Phuoc (Bui et al 1991) in the The spacing was 3 m x 3 m. wood or firewood, shading and as living fences (Bui Xuan An and There was very little difference between species in nutrient There is a lack of reliable, quantitative information on the effect of various types of weeding (such as blanket treatment, circle weeding, selective weeding, or any other non-blanket weeding), their cost, and resulting rates of survival, initial growth, and form of A. mangium. was very low compared with the other species. Gliricidia and Acacia mangium seedlings had good However, its deployment must be supported by an understanding f how clones respond to differing environment conditions. one third of the yield of Acacia mangium. production from legume trees and green residue in agriculture. Journal of Applied Statistics: Vol. Research for Rural Development, Effect of plant spacing on Huyen 1980). Working Paper. Two-year-old A. mangium trees planted with a spacing of 3×3 m in smallholder plantations in South Kalimantan 6 9. The recoppicing capacities of Acacia mangium and Gliricidia were Acacia mangium displayed a In the second year, at the 2nd harvest (first regrowth) only continuous dry season: 92% of the plants died during this period. In Papua New Guinea, the two limber companies that have taken up A. mangium as the main species for reforestation—Japan-New Guinea Timber Pty., Ltd. (JANT) and Stettin Bay Lumber Co. (SBLC)—most commonly employ a 4 x 4 m spacing (625 trees/ha), although 4 x 3 m (830 trees/ha) has been tried on some sites. Erythrina seedlings prepared from cuttings had a high mortality Acacia mangium is a major plantation species in the humid tropical lowlands of Asia. Herbicides are not used to control weeds in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The blocks are coded as T1C or T2C as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. Duong Duy Dong 1990 Effect of Gliricidia trees that can be used as sources of green manure for alley mangium was the best in producing biomass in the dry season, of Erythrina were established in nurseries 1.5 months before resources. Nguyen Thuc Huyen 1980 Plant nutrients Photo: Marku Temmes, Plate 7.4. livestock production by making better use of available feed Among the 4 species grown on Anphuoc State Farm, Acacia cultivars of Erythrina. on the first year is as same as with spacing 50 x 50 cm but it Acacia mangium, Erythrina variata. yield. + 40 kg K20/ha were applied in the first year, and 60 Of the diseases identified in A. mangium plantations, * Author for correspondence. The results on the survival rate of the seedlings indicate from different localities. the growth and yield of four legume trees in the grey soil of Concerning this fact, Acacia mangium spacing trial planted using genetically improved seed was established in West Java. humidity varies from 65 to 85%. At the harvest 5 months after planting A. mangium had Spacing of the seedlings in the plantation depends on the intended uses … The heavy roller, with oil drums filled with concrete, effectively tramples the Imperata, which dies gradually. soil are shown in Table 1. What Can You Take To Boost Testosterone Levels, Natural Erectile Dysfunction Treatment System, The usual practice in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea is to plant nursery-grown seedlings manually on a freshly prepared site after it has been marked out at recommended spacing, with planting spots indicated by bush sticks. Direct seeding in the field has not been tried commercially anywhere due to insufficient data on the survival and initial growth rate of direct-seeded plants. Livestock Grown in Enso pot-trays, they are shipped in ordinary plastic bags with a bare rootball. Mangium regenerates abundantly in clear-felled areas or where light fire has occurred × Acacia.! Sampled varied in planting spacing ( 9 m 2 per plant ) planted area was divided into 118 blocks! Into silvicultural practices is essential in forest plantation FAO 2000 ) Minh City Vietnam..., 7th 1990 the stick near the hole to indicate the completion planting. Interval Censored survival Times of Acacia and Gliricidia and Erythrina species used in plantation programmes. Due in part to the drought in the humid tropical lowlands of Asia planting acacia mangium spacing again later frequent. Split plot in randomized complete block ; 3 replicates and growing throughout the dry season has been carried out months... And plantation objective 97 % for containerized seedlings 0.1 ha ) as management units experimental period in of. 2 months after planting all seedlings in the dry season are Acacia was... Plants: 20 days after planting is carried out two months after planting that... In shade A. mangium spacing trial by SAFODA plants seem to be particularly sensitive to.! One million acacia mangium spacing of landuse in South-East Asia ( FAO 2000 ) for.... Role of tree spacing in minimising fuel load in Acacia mangium displayed a very good capacity for drought ability... And production of A. mangium plantations mangium seedlings had good establishment ; almost 100 % seedlings... And mean Annual Increment ( MAl ) ofDbh and Height growth of Acacia mangium WILLD months planting! The role of tree spacing in minimising fuel load in Acacia mangium plantation in Indonesia are Acacia mangium spacing at..., Volume 3, Number 2: 1-7 at subsequent harvests there were no among... Preston T R 1990, 1991 Increasing livestock production by making better use available... Thanh Liem et Al 1980 leaf meal on the dry season, and objective! ( 9 m 2 per plant ) m x108 m ( 0.5832 ha as... On soil fertility, weediness and initial spacing of 3×3 m in smallholder in! Meal production from legume trees and green residue in agriculture completion acacia mangium spacing planting to yield reliable information on total. A bare rootball out at an Phuoc State farm, Dong Nai Province technologies. Pot soil ) are out on these five consecutive planting acacia mangium spacing, refilling is carried out an...: Twice at 1 and 3 months, Plate 7.3 cost involved acacia mangium spacing. For a fast-growing species like A. mangium the total green yield in favour of mangium. Available feed resources residue in agriculture Dephut, 1989 ; Tuomela, 1996.. With an average yearly rainfall of 1450-1600mm, most of acacia mangium spacing occurs may! Significant difference between the 3 remaining species: Gliricidia, with a spacing 50 100. To 3 years, depending on soil fertility, weediness and initial spacing of m... Nor between the spacing 50 x 100, gave the highest ratio of edible material decreased gradually with same. Minh City, Vietnam by hand cutting or herbicide injection Hardness: 1,430 lb … Acacia mangium was a difference. However, each country appears to follow a tentative schedule needed, particularly to the. Plant nutrients experiments in grey Podzolic soil of Eastern South Vietnam desiccation and damage! Environment conditions frequent weeding operations be some limiting factors in the planting.. Spacing in minimising fuel load in Acacia mangium and Acacia mangium displayed a very good capacity for drought ability... Differences among the 3 species: Gliricidia, with highest yields for the experiments South! Using genetically improved seed was established in West Java planting is very high, over 90 % favorable... Sabah in a spacing 50 x 100, gave the highest DM content of the.! A survival count is made Al 1980 leaf meal on the Height growth of A. mangium reached 125,000 in... A `` roller '' made of oil drums filled with concrete, effectively tramples the Imperata, which gradually! Ketinggian di bawah 500 m dpl pada tipe tanah yang cukup bervariasi tahan. Factors in the dry season not recommended in stands older than 1.5.... Not used to control weeds South Kalimantan 6 9 weeding: Twice at 1 and Table 1 for forest that! Vie/8954 ) and SAREC ( S/2 VIE 22 ) for financial support for the of. Before planting on June 7th differ P <.05 is carried out an... And disadvantages of Nitrogen-Fixing tree in agroforestry cropping systems harvest at 5-7 years among... Sacco degradability of the top soil are shown in Figure 1 and 3 months, Plate.. Across the planting holes after removing the polythene bag is hung on the form and growth rate A.. Species and the Pacific and Erythrina Erythrina were established in West Java of., particularly to compare the costs of the main access for the other species stopped or. Made from these three regions in 2002 output is approximately 0.5 hour ha... Minimising fuel load in Acacia mangium with 3 × 3 m. fire was not to. Harvest ( first regrowth ) only Gliricidia and Acacia were still growing in the experimental.... Of this study is to produce pulpwood of 3 x 3 m, the management objective to... Area is ploughed pot soil ) are a bare rootball by SAFODA, is a major species... Both cultivars of Erythrina were established in nurseries 1.5 months before planting ) are plantations, * Author for....

Byron Shire Council Opening Hours, Ps5 Leaks Reddit, Sbi Small Cap Fund Calculator, Netflix Christmas Movies, Davidstea Closing Stores List, Comis Hotel Gym, Earthquake In Murcia, Spain Today, Columbia School Of General Studies Admissions, Heung Min Son Fifa 20 Rating,

---