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Their factory heralded the beginning of the area's transformation from marshy farmland into a major industrial zone. [17] The etymology of Hartford is the ford where harts cross, or "deer crossing. However, the population has increased since the 2000 Census. Springfield became a city on May 25, 1852, by decree of the Massachusetts Legislature, after a decade-long internal dispute that resulted in the partition of Chicopee from Springfield, and thus the loss of two fifths of the city's population. [107] They are a non-profit organization which uses their roller derby games as fundraisers for groups such as Dakin Animal Shelter and the Shriners. [87], The Hispanic population is concentrated on the south side, while African Americans are concentrated in the north. [57], The Park River originally divided Hartford into northern and southern sections and was a major part of Bushnell Park, but the river was nearly completely enclosed and buried by flood control projects in the 1940s. [31], In addition, the Colts left an indelible imprint on Hartford's architectural environment. Hartford is the capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The McKnight National Historic District, America's first planned residential neighborhood, (1881), features more than 900 Victorian Painted Ladies, many of which have been rehabilitated by Springfield's growing LGBT community. The primary argument for this has been that City Councilors live in only four of the city's wards. The Hotel Kimball, (140 Chestnut Street), which hosted several U.S. Presidents as guests and once featured the United States' first commercial radio station (WBZ), has been converted into The Kimball Towers Condominiums. [108], Additionally, several television, including Connecticut Public Television, which is headquartered in Hartford. [35] The Connecticut state line is only 4 miles (6 km) south of Springfield, beside the wealthy suburb of Longmeadow, which itself separated from Springfield in 1783.[35]. For example, Springfield's ornate Classical High School (235 State Street), with its immense Victorian atrium—where Dr. Seuss, Timothy Leary, and Taj Mahal all went to high school—is now a luxury condominium building. As a result, thousands of people travel on area highways at the start and end of each workday. [194] The Connecticut River Valley is the most agriculturally productive region in New England[195] and neighboring Wethersfield is renowned for its red onions, whose smell was said to waft into Hartford when production was at its historical height in the early 1800s. [citation needed] Once-flourishing department stores shut down, such as Brown Thomson, Sage-Allen, and G. Fox & Co., as suburban malls grew in popularity, such as Westfarms and Buckland Hills. [103] For many years, the Hall of Fame Tip-Off Classic has been the semi-official start to the college basketball season, and the NCAA Division II championships are usually held in Springfield. For its next four years, the new firm occupied one of Weed's buildings, milling thousands of screws daily on over 50 machines. The Knowledge Corridor universities and colleges provide the region with an educated workforce, which yields a yearly GDP of over $100 billion—more than at least 16 U.S. States. He wanted to contract out his first order, however, so he approached George Fairfield of Weed Sewing Machine Company, who produced Pope's first run of bicycles in 1878. [155], The Springfield Water and Sewer Commission (created in its current form in 1996) owns several reservoirs and aqueducts, as well as hydropower and sewage treatment stations. The Ridgewood Historic district on Ridgewood and Mulberry Streets also feature historic mansions from the 19th and early 20th centuries. Bud Williams (D-Springfield) Similarly, the industrial economy led Thomas and Charles Wason to establish the Wason Manufacturing Company, which produced the first manufactured sleeping car. Hampshire College is located 14 miles (23 km) north of Springfield. [110] Other notable institutions include Capital Community College (located Downtown in the old G. Fox Department Store building on Main Street), the University of Connecticut's Hartford campus (downtown in the old Hartford Times Building on Prospect Street), the University of Connecticut School of Business (also Downtown), the Hartford Seminary (in the West End), the University of Connecticut School of Law (also in the West End) and Rensselaer at Hartford (a Downtown branch campus of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute). [127], By another measure, crime and population data collected by the FBI, and indexed by NeighborhoodScout showed between 2010 and 2018 the violent crime rate for Springfield decreased by approximately 52.5%, whereas the property crime rate declined by 54%; both rates remain more than twice their respective state averages, as of 2018. [140], Hartford was also home to the Hartford Hellions of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL). [134] It is located at 253 High Street and includes divisions such as animal control, bomb squad, and detective bureau. Former NHL player Craig Janney and current player Nick Bonino were born in Hartford. [39] Weed eventually became the birthplace of both the bicycle and automobile industries in Hartford. Springfield is called the Crossroads of New England because it is the major shipping nexus from New York City, Boston, Montreal and the Great Lakes (via Albany, New York). substancial - Free ebook download as Text File (.txt), PDF File (.pdf) or read book online for free. [138] Hartford is also home to another semi-pro soccer team, Hartford City FC, which currently play in the NPSL. Soon Hartford Machine Screw outgrew its quarters and built a new factory adjacent to Weed, where it remained until 1948. The Old Hill, Upper Hill, and Bay neighborhoods also feature this type of architecture. During summer, several times per month, on hot days afternoon thunderstorms will develop when unstable warm air collides with approaching cold fronts. University of Saint Joseph opened its school of pharmacy in the downtown area in 2011. [24][25] The Stowes' sister Isabella Beecher Hooker was a leading member of the women's rights movement. [128][129], Springfield has the second largest school district in Massachusetts and in New England. [132] Two nonsectarian private schools are also located in Springfield: Commonwealth Academy[133] located on the former campus of the MacDuffie School (which moved to Granby, Massachusetts, in 2011 after 130 years in Springfield), and teaches grades four through twelve, soon to enroll students in grades K–12; and the Academy Hill School,[134] which teaches kindergarten through grade eight. In June 2015, Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker announced $3.2 million in grants to three underperforming middle schools in Springfield.[130]. Amtrak trains on the route between New Haven and Springfield reach speeds of 110 mph (177 km/h). The following companies maintain their headquarters in Springfield: With a history spanning nearly four centuries, Springfield has been home to a number of legacy companies that were household names, including: Within two miles (3 km) of Springfield are New England's largest and most popular amusement park, Six Flags New England, and its largest and most popular fair, The Big E. Six Flags New England, located across Springfield's South End Bridge in Agawam features Superman the Ride, a roller coaster that has ranked first or second every year since 2001 in the annual Golden Ticket Awards publication by Amusement Today. The Classical Magnet School is one of the many Hartford magnet schools. [105] The Springfield Giants of the Single- and Double-A Eastern League played between 1957 and 1965. [80], In 2010, Hartford ranked 19th in the United States' annual national crime rankings (below the 200.00 rating). SWSC provides retail water in Springfield and Ludlow; wholesale water to Agawam, East Longmeadow, and Longmeadow; partial or peak service to Southwick, Westfield, and West Springfield; and emergency service to Chicopee and Wilbraham. A variety of industries adopted and adapted these techniques over the next several decades, and Hartford became the center of production for a wide array of products, including: Colt, Richard Gatling, and John Browning firearms; Weed sewing machines; Royal and Underwood typewriters; Columbia bicycles; and Pope automobiles.[38]. She is the only woman to receive an unshared Nobel Prize in the Medicine category. He employed advanced manufacturing techniques such as interchangeable parts and an organized production line. Also as of 2010, Springfield features the highest average homeowner occupancy ratio among the four Western New England metropolises at 50%—73,232 Springfielders live in owner-occupied units, versus 74,111 in rental units. [17] Today the city is the largest in western New England, and the urban, economic, and media capital of Massachusetts' section of the Connecticut River Valley, colloquially known as the Pioneer Valley. Disbanded in June of that year, the Control Board made great strides stabilizing Springfield's finances. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. 33.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. [139], The Boston Celtics played various home games per year in Hartford from 1975 until 1995, when they opened the new TD Garden. [188][189] The Hartford Regional Market is the largest market between New York City and Boston. This home-rule petition was adopted by the City Council 8–1, and was later passed by the State Senate and House and signed by the Governor. [86] This is the second-largest concentration of Puerto Ricans in the Northeast, behind only Holyoke, Massachusetts, approximately 30 miles (48 km) to the north along the Connecticut River. It is also home to the Mark Twain House, where the author wrote his most famous works and raised his family, among other historically significant sites. The invention of a new type of sewing machine led to a new application of mass production after the principles of interchangeability were applied to clocks and guns. [49] Riverfront Plaza was opened in 1999, connecting the riverfront and the downtown area for the first time since the 1960s. [25] The near-capture of the armory during Shays' Rebellion of 1787 led directly to the formation of the U.S. [62] Seasonal snowfall has ranged from 115.2 inches (293 cm) during the winter of 1995–96 to 13.5 inches (34 cm) in 1999–2000. The ballot initiative that established a new council with five at-large seats and eight ward seats passed 3–1. It features over 100 daily departures to 30 destinations on nine airlines. Building off of the work of the Control Board, the city's finances have remained stable under Mayor Domenic J. Sarno's (2008–present) despite the Great Recession and several natural and man made disasters: June 1, 2011, tornado Springfield Tornado, Hurricane Irene, a freak October snow storm (which in some ways was more damaging than the tornado),[120] and a large gas explosion in the downtown area in 2012. Springfield is home to five distinct museums at the Quadrangle, along with the ornate Springfield City Library—an architecturally significant example of the City Beautiful movement. Springfield has several nicknames—"The City of Firsts", due to the many innovations developed there, such as the first American dictionary, the first American gas-powered automobile, and the first machining lathe for interchangeable parts; "The City of Homes", due to its Victorian residential architecture; and "Hoop City", as basketball—one of the world's most popular sports[18]—was invented in Springfield in 1891 by James Naismith. His business practices were also innovative, involving a shrewd use of patents to protect his products, as well as new developments in marketing and business organization to create a highly successful business which long outlived him. 2013. Hartford has voted for every Democratic presidential candidate since Al Smith in 1928. Insurance giant Connecticut General (now CIGNA) moved to a new, modern campus in the suburb of Bloomfield. Headliners have included Springfield great Taj Mahal, the Average White Band, and Poncho Sanchez. Just three years after Colt's first factory opened, the Sharps Rifle Manufacturing Company set up shop in 1852 at a nearby site along the now-buried Park River, located in the present-day neighborhood of Frog Hollow. It is estimated that his company produced over 400,000 revolvers in its first 25 years of manufacturing. Hartford is the capital city of the U.S. state of Connecticut.It was the seat of Hartford County until Connecticut disbanded county government in 1960. She's also a YouTube star.…” It is home to the country's oldest public art museum (Wadsworth Atheneum), the oldest publicly funded park (Bushnell Park), the oldest continuously published newspaper (the Hartford Courant), and the second-oldest secondary school (Hartford Public High School). In 1848, Colt was able to start again with a new business of his own, and he converted it into a corporation in 1855 under the name of Colt's Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company. Carlos Gonzalez (D-Springfield) Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Board of Library Commissioners. Springfield was founded in 1636 by English Puritan William Pynchon as "Agawam Plantation" under the administration of the Connecticut Colony. The Springfield City Council, consisting of thirteen members, is the city's legislative branch. The city has recovered, however receiving a bond upgrade from Standard and Poor's Investment Services and the GFOA's Distinguished Budget Award for six consecutive years. [48] Among its oldest institutions are Smith's Billiards, founded in 1902, which serves Theodore's Blues, Booze, & BBQ, a neighboring barbecue and music venue since 1979, recognized as the "Best Blues Club in the Country" in 2004 by the Blues Foundation. The city would also play a pivotal role in the Civil War, as a stop on the Underground Railroad and home of abolitionist John Brown, widely known for his raid on Harpers Ferry,[16] and for the Armory's manufacture of the famed "Springfield rifles" used ubiquitously by Union troops. Ashley BidenAshley Blazer Biden is an American social worker, activist, philanthropist, and fashion designer. … The Bills, at 9-3, do have a route to do just that this Among these was Hartford's pioneer bicycle and automobile maker Pope. The section through Hartford is right through the middle of Bushnell Park. Around 1850, Hartford native Samuel Colt perfected the precision manufacturing process that enabled the mass production of thousands of his revolvers with interchangeable parts. 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